Evolution of Hybrid Cars

Development of Hybrid Cars 1. Presentation: The European government is attempting to investigate market and foundation issues identified with an inventive, thin path passenger vehicle being worked on by a significant car producer. In adequate numbers, this vehicle offers a chance to build the limit of the current transportation foundation, diminish the states reliance on oil and lower emanations of air toxins. The passenger vehicle is an inventive vehicle idea that is equivalent to a cruiser in size however offers points of interest like a car in solace, utility and wellbeing. Contingent on the client prerequisites a passenger vehicle can be structured either a three-wheel or four-wheel. Traveler emenities like those accessible in standard vehicles, including atmosphere control frameworks excellent sound systems, and traveler restriction gadgets, would be accessible as choices in this passenger vehicle. This vehicle offers a few points of interest that are characteristic in the structure. This report presents the item particulars which will be structured through various programming projects, material determination and the statistical surveying examination. 2. Development of Hybrid Cars: A cross breed car is a methods for transportation utilizing two force sources; it utilizes a Re-chargeable vitality stockpiling framework found ready and a fuelled power source as the vehicles aspiration. The mixture vehicle contaminates considerably less and utilizes not as much fuel. In 1899, Ferdinand Porsche have created and driven the route to the underlying working crossover electric vehicle. Then again, there was no key vehicle maker who put resources into the mixture thought and mass delivered crossover vehicles until the late twentieth century. The half breed innovation was essentially used in creating diesel-electric submarines over the span of that between time period. However, the submarines significant target was to moderate oxygen rather than spend less fuel. All through the later years, submarines have developed and have started utilizing the atomic force as an option for diesel. During the 1990s, the Toyota Prius in addition to the Honda Insight were the absolute first beneficial cross breed vehicles accessible in the market. It was two of the pioneers inside the half and half auto thought which essentially balanced the way the world thinks about vehicles. An optimistic designer, Victor Wouk, produced a cross breed electric and gas vehicle that siphoned fuel at a large portion of the amount as essentially the various vehicles getting manufactured at that point. He constructed the half and half vehicle thirty years before the Toyota Prius got the consideration of the U.S. as a vitality uncomfortable country. Also, presently the striking abilities of the production of Wouk, the half breed vehicles, are currently ready to be an unfathomably incredible help identifying with less gas ingestion and less air contamination. Wouk and Rosen set up a new company especially to build up their half and half vehicle thought and made it simple to be available and be used as a standard car that burped less hurtful fumes than modern vehicles. The Prius Ever since the Toyota Prius, eco-friendly vehicle was discharged available; it has had the option to stay as the head choice of cross breed vehicles accessible. Old half and half vehicles looks progressively like an outsider car and cost considerably more than the regular vehicle. However, on account of the most forward-thinking advancements introduced in fresher variants of crossover vehicles, it looks additional like a regular vehicle and is far more affordable than its antecedents. Hybrid vehicles nowadays look a mess like customary vehicles. The Civic Hybrid can get 50 miles in simple 1 gallon of fuel. During the year 2004, Ford has created and presented the underlying half breed SUV that is the Ford Escape Hybrid. After a year, Toyota likewise presented their line of half and half SUV called the Highlander Hybrid. Due to the expanding prerequisite for half and half vehicles, other automobile producers are presently following the strides of different organizations who previously drew out an adaptation of their mixture vehicle available. For instance, Nissan is presently going to create and present a mixture variant of the Nissan Altima. Directly, more than 300,000 half and half vehicles are running on American streets wherein 95 percent of them are Japanese made. The cross breed vehicles are actually very particular advancements that can both diminish monetary cost and our condition. 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYBRID CARS: A crossover is whatever utilizes at least two sources straightforwardly or in a roundabout way to give impetus. Two force sources set up in a half breed vehicle in various ways. It has a fuel tank, which supplies gas to the motor and set of batteries that provisions capacity to an electric engine. The motor and the electric engine together can turn the transmission at indistinguishable time, and the transmission at that point turns the street wheels as appeared in the figure1. The various manners by which the force sources build up in vehicle are portray as follows: Arrangement Hybrid Cars. Equal Hybrid Cars. Arrangement Parallel Cars. 3.1 Series Hybrid Cars: The easiest of half and half setup is the Series Hybrid Car. In an arrangement mixture, the electric engine is the main asset of giving capacity to get wheels turning. The engine gets electric force from either the battery pack or from a generator run by a fuel motor. The Battery pack is energized by both the motor/generator and regenerative slowing down. The motor in an arrangement drive train is normally littler in light of the fact that it just meets the normal driving force requests. The battery pack in these Hybrid vehicles by and large more impressive than the one in equal half and half giving outstanding pinnacle driving force needs. Arrangement half and halves are more costly than equal crossovers as the bigger battery and engine with the generator add to the expense. While the motor in an ordinary vehicle is compelled to work wastefully to fulfill shifting force requests of unpredictable driving, arrangement crossovers perform at their best in such conditions, as the gas motor in an arrangement mixture isn't coupled to the wheels. This implies the motor is not, at this point subject to the generally differing power requests experienced in go back and forth driving and can rather work in a tight force run at close to ideal proficiency , which dispenses with the requirement for an entangled multi-speed transmission and grasp. Since arrangement drive trains perform best in go back and forth driving are principally being considered for transports and other urban work vehicles. The figure underneath shows the procedure of arrangement half and half vehicle 3.2 Parallel Hybrid Car: In equal half and half electric vehicle, the wheels are driven by the force created from both the motor and the electric engine. The expansion of PC controls and a transmission permit these segments to cooperate. Equal half and halves utilize a littler battery pack and for the most part rely upon regenerative slowing down to keep it revived. In any case, when force requests are low, equal half breeds additionally use the drive engine as a generator for supplemental energizing, same as that of an alternator in ordinary vehicles. In this arrangement the wheels are straightforwardly associated with the motor, which disposes of the wastefulness of changing over mechanical capacity to power and back, which makes these crossovers very effective on the thruway. The equivalent direct association between the motor and the wheels that expands thruway effectiveness contrasted with an arrangement mixture lessens, yet not wipe out, the city driving productivity benefits. The figure underneath shows the procedure of equal crossover vehicles 3.3 Series-Parallel Hybrid Car: This drive train blends the preferences and difficulties of the equal and arrangement drive trains. Because of joining the two structures, the motor can both drive the wheels straightforwardly (as in the equal drive train) and be adequately disengaged from the wheels with the goal that lone the electric engine controls the wheels (as in the arrangement drive train). In this way, the motor works at close to ideal effectiveness all the more regularly in light of this double drive train. At lower speeds it works more as an arrangement vehicle, while at high speeds, where the arrangement drive train is less productive, the motor dominates and vitality misfortune is limited. This framework is costly than that of an unadulterated equal half and half since it needs a generator, a bigger battery pack, and all the more processing capacity to control the double framework. Nonetheless, the arrangement/equal drive train can possibly perform better than both of the frameworks alone. The figure be neath shows the arrangement equal half and half procedure. 4. Undertaking Planning: As can be found in figure 4, the undertaking plan incorporates the timescale of the task overall, from the earliest starting point as far as possible. It diagrams the different phases of the undertaking featuring the destinations and expectations of each piece of the venture. It likewise characterizes the cutoff times of each stage in order to guarantee that the undertaking runs according to the timetable wanted. In any case, it must be considered that all this present reality circumstances can't be represented and thus, a wellbeing time of proper measure must be consolidated into each stage or toward the finish of the task. This guarantees the cutoff times will be met even in case of unforeseeable conditions. The undertaking plan in itself is definitely not an adequate instrument to deal with a venture of this greatness. Consequently, different other administration instruments were utilized over the span of this undertaking to encourage in the opportune finish and powerful administration of the time and assets accessible to the group all in all just as, as people. These administration apparatuses incorporate Gantt outline, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Critical Path Analysis (CPA), Program Evaluation and Review (PERT), SWOT Analysis and so forth. 4.1 GANTT CHART: Gantt outline is a bar diagram known after Henry Gantt who structured his graph in the start of twentieth century. It shows an exceptionally clear and effectively logical way of the undertaking structure regarding time and individual assignments and subtasks. The task time plan was envisioned and advanced utilizing Gantt graph. For this situation, the CHV venture wa

Free Essays on Menander

After the Macedonian success, Greek parody moved away from the challenging individual and political parody of Aristophanes. Lacking total political independance, authors of this New Comedy ended up moving towards more secure increasingly everyday topic. They discovered their motivation in the day by day life of Athens. Their characters were drawn from the cooks, vendors, ranchers and captives of the city. As per antiquated report, the most talented of these new journalists was Menander. Menander, the offspring of a separated family, composed in excess of 100 plays during a vocation that traversed around thirty-three years. He was known for the delicacy and honesty of his portrayals, and his lovely style was frequently referenced in a similar breath as Homer's. In spite of the fact that he won first prize at just eight celebrations, he did a lot to move parody towards a progressively sensible portrayal of human life. Menander's characters talked in the contemporary vernacular and concerned themselves not with the incredible legends of the past, yet rather with the ordinary undertakings of the individuals of Athens. His plots rotated around little youngsters in affection with little youngsters, guardians worried about the trouble making of their kids, undesirable pregnancies, tragically deceased family members, and a wide range of sexual misfortunes. His first play, The Self Tormentor, was composed at twenty years old. Also, he won his first triumph with a play entitled Anger in 316 B.C. Menander's plays held a spot in the standard writing of western Europe for more than 800 years. Eventually, be that as it may, his compositions were lost or annihilated, and what we presently know about the artist depends principally on antiquated reports, a couple of original copies which have been recouped over the most recent hundred years, and adjustments by the Roman dramatists Plautus and Terence. There is just one complete playDyskolos (The Grouch)which was not rediscovered until 1957. A couple of long sections have made due also from such plays as The Arbitration, The Girl from Samos, ... Free Essays on Menander Free Essays on Menander After the Macedonian victory, Greek parody moved away from the challenging individual and political parody of Aristophanes. Lacking total political independance, journalists of this New Comedy ended up moving towards more secure progressively unremarkable topic. They discovered their motivation in the day by day life of Athens. Their characters were drawn from the cooks, dealers, ranchers and captives of the city. As indicated by old report, the most talented of these new journalists was Menander. Menander, the offspring of a separated family, composed in excess of 100 plays during a vocation that traversed around thirty-three years. He was known for the delicacy and honesty of his portrayals, and his idyllic style was regularly referenced in a similar breath as Homer's. Despite the fact that he won first prize at just eight celebrations, he did a lot to move satire towards an increasingly sensible portrayal of human life. Menander's characters talked in the contemporary lingo and concerned themselves not with the incredible fantasies of the past, yet rather with the regular issues of the individuals of Athens. His plots rotated around little youngsters in affection with young ladies, guardians worried about the trouble making of their kids, undesirable pregnancies, tragically deceased family members, and a wide range of sexual misfortunes. His first play, The Self Tormentor, was composed at twenty years old. What's more, he won his first triumph with a play entitled Anger in 316 B.C. Menander's plays held a spot in the standard writing of western Europe for more than 800 years. Eventually, be that as it may, his compositions were lost or pulverized, and what we presently know about the writer depends essentially on old reports, a couple of original copies which have been recuperated over the most recent hundred years, and adjustments by the Roman dramatists Plautus and Terence. There is just one complete playDyskolos (The Grouch)which was not rediscovered until 1957. A couple of long pieces have made due too from such plays as The Arbitration, The Girl from Samos, ...

Mao vs. the Mahatma Violence vs. Non-Violence free essay sample

An investigation of the issues of brutality versus peacefulness in the instances of Mao Tse Dung and Mohandas K. Gandhi. The paper gauges the issues of brutality versus peacefulness and shows the lives and chronicles of Mao Tse Dung of China and Gandhi of India as models. The paper examines these two chiefs who managed widely in the course of their lives with the battle among savagery and peacefulness. It shows that on a superficial level, Chairman Mao upheld savagery and utilized it as a device to crush a multitude of 4,000,000, gain control over a nation with a trillion dollar economy and hold power for a long time, and that Gandhi rose to control while driving a tranquil insurgency among the 600 million Indian residents Hindus and Muslims the same that brought about a huge number of Indian passings, not many British passings, yet in the end in Indian freedom and formation of the biggest majority rule government on the planet. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mao versus the Mahatma: Violence versus Peacefulness or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, in reality, Gandhi knew there was a spot for viciousness too. In a much overlooked move, Gandhi basically delayed Indias serene unrest at the beginning of World War II. He perceived Nazi Germany as a significantly more malicious power than the British Empire, in the entirety of their supreme hopelessness, would ever be. Subsequently, he drove the development for Indians not exclusively to quit opposing the British during World War II, yet to really conform to their requests. Truth be told, India entered the war itself and was especially useful to Britain in the North African crusades.

Multinational Corporation Subsidiaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Corporation Subsidiaries - Essay Example The paper tells that the basic job that culture takes in worldwide associations should be firmly inspected particularly in American firms where globalization multiplies. The developing significance of national and world exchange makes the need to comprehend the social assorted varieties in various districts and nations. The truism that associations need to design universally, think normally, and act locally is extremely relevant from various perspectives and all the more so according to social contrasts. One of the most celebrated MNCs internationally is Coca-Cola, working for effectively 125 years. As per its official site, there are roughly 139,600 overall representatives of Coca-Cola that works in excess of 200 nations around the globe. The working gatherings of the Coca-Cola are shown as Eurasia and Africa Group, Europe Group, Latin America Group, North America Group, Pacific Group, Bottling Investments Group, McDonald's Division. For the picked potential nations to move, Coca-Co la has in like manner been recognized to work both in India and in the Philippines, with extra subtleties in the paper. Whenever choosing vocation openings, typically the official site would advance inquiry chances to the Pacific area where there are at present 297 employment opportunities reported. Under the Pacific gathering, the site expressly expresses that â€Å"The Coca-Cola Pacific Group incorporates a differing gathering of quickly creating markets, for example, China, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and other Southeast Asian nations†. As far as political and financial conditions in India, the EDC gave the accompanying general standpoint. The present political scene in India is very excellent because of the generally solid situation of the decision Congress-drove UPA alliance; the overseeing alliance keeps on keeping up its lion's share in parliament. Simultaneously, the government’s remaining among voters has been to some degree discolored becaus e of some extremely prominent defilement cases. The Government is probably going to forgo seeking after disagreeable changes all through quite a bit of 2011 because of up and coming state gathering races. The security condition is ruled by the dangers presented by the Islamic aggressors and Naxalite radical exercises. Market Spotlight: GDP development remained eased back to 8.2% y/y in Q4, to a great extent because of the lull in government spending and private speculation. The pace of import development has eased back notably as of late, in accordance with more fragile modern action.

Problem-Based Learning in undergraduate Physics education

Question: Depict about the Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in undergrad Physics instruction? Answer: The main article delineates the information use for successful learning of the individuals of UK and US (Wood 2015). The method is viably used for the clinical schools, be that as it may, later the procedure is valuable for every subject. The Problem-based Learning is a viable method to recognize the issue and afterward the facilitators help them to determine the issue. In this specific circumstance, the primary target is adjusted alongside the powerful learning process. The learning procedure is led inside littler gatherings and the dynamism is kept up with verbal and non-verbal correspondence in the gathering. The gathering learning is valuable for framing a superior environment to gain proficiency with the specific course with solace and effortlessness. The PBL meetings are made to make the whole course increasingly alluring and agreeable to the understudies. Dynamic or profound learning is increasingly compelling as indicated by communication with the instructors raising individu al questions (Barrett and Naughton 2014). The trial learning process is progressively significant with the critical thinking. The correlation, differentiation and assessment of the PBL procedure is directed with customary learning of perusing and retaining. The conventional learning technique very synchronized with read one specific subject, become familiar with the fundamentals, and retain all the while. The PBL learning is upheld with distinguishing the issues inside the learning and afterward settling them. It is all the more a dynamic yet legitimate approach to become familiar with the course with broad research and investigation of the themes. The subsequent goal is lined up with the articles perspective and comprehension. The subsequent article recommends that the student will plainly encourage the learning; they should act naturally coordinated and self-controlled with the investigation, and not well organized learning will prompt inquiries (Savery 2015). The intellectual observing of the educating is bolstered with viable student focused methodology. The learning procedure of PBL ought not be mistaken for instructing and critical thinking, as the third target states and the third one is lined up with PBL meetings. The PBL procedure application is progressively adequate with submitting all the students in all levels. The appraisal of the learning procedure ought to be underscored without coordinating the results in other issue based issues. In this unique circumstance, the learning procedure of Physics is assessed with content information and utilization of practical issues. The common learning process is adequate with coordinating and exhibiting the strategies alongside general issues recognized. Th e fundamental impediment in Problem-Based Learning is recognized to be inappropriateness in the undergrad learning educational program. The learning procedure is as yet not reasonable for college understudies, and the issue is resounded in the expert associations and clinical organizations, consequently further research scope remains. The fourth goal is lined up with this articles surveyed impediments and future extensions too. The flexibility in the littler learning organization despite everything remains with the use of new information and data. The learning procedure is as yet significant with the present and future PBL concentrate alongside commitment in arrangement looking for approach. The third article recommends the learning can be extended with exploring and looking into of the fundamental written works (Frambach et al. 2012). The exploration can be proceeded as essential and optional information assortment. The gathered information are then broke down as per the learning society. The new research extent of the PBL procedure of learning might be with recognizing the way of life and social obligations. The new learning procedure should fuse the social understanding and self-coordinated. The techniques used in PBL and explicit ability advancements are bolstered with basic reasoning, critical thinking, and powerful relational abilities, as the third target is related to the examination. References Frambach, J.M., Driessen, E.W., Chan, L.C. what's more, van der Vleuten, C.P., 2012. Reexamining the globalization of problem㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ based realizing: how culture difficulties self㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ directed learning.Medical education,46(8), pp.738-747. Wood, E.J., 2015. Issue based getting the hang of: Exploiting information on how individuals figure out how to advance viable learning.Bioscience training. Savery, J.R., 2015. Outline of issue based learning: Definitions and distinctions.Essential Readings in Problem-Based Learning: Exploring and Extending the Legacy of Howard S. Hand trucks, pp.5-15. Barrett, T. also, Naughton, C., 2014. Issue based learning.Integrative Learning: International Research and Practice, p.43.

The Effect of PTSD on the Brains Hippocampus

The Effect of PTSD on the Brain's Hippocampus PTSD Related Conditions Print The Effect of PTSD on the Hippocampus By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 05, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children  Jetta Productions Inc/Getty Images Advances in medical technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have offered insight into the role the brain may play in different mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Researchers have focused specific attention on the hippocampus in cases of PTSD. What Is the Hippocampus? The hippocampus is a part of the limbic system of the brain. The limbic system describes a group of brain structures that surround the brain stem. The brain structures that make up the limbic system play a major role in how one  experiences certain emotions (fear and anger), motivations, and memory.?? The hippocampus is responsible for the ability to store and retrieve memories. People who have experienced some kind of damage to their hippocampus may have  difficulties storing and recalling information. Along with other limbic structures, the hippocampus also plays a role in a persons ability to overcome fear responses.?? The Hippocampus Role  in PTSD Many people with PTSD experience memory-related difficulties. They may have difficulty recalling certain parts of their traumatic event.?? Alternatively, some memories may be vivid and always present for these individuals. People with PTSD may also have problems overcoming their fear response to thoughts, memories or situations that are reminiscent of their traumatic event. Due to the hippocampus role in memory and emotional experience, it is thought that some of the problems people with PTSD experience may lie in the hippocampus.?? How Might PTSD Affect the Hippocampus? Some studies suggest that constant stress  may damage the hippocampus.?? When we experience stress, the body releases a hormone called cortisol, which is helpful in mobilizing the body to respond to a stressful event. Some animal studies, though, show that high levels of cortisol may play a role in damaging or destroying cells in the hippocampus. While cortisol is released in higher amounts when a person is under a great deal of stress, either chronically or acutely, this process is actually more complicated than just elevated cortisol. The increase in cortisol also signals the immune system, which releases inflammatory chemicals called cytokines, which in turn can activate cells called microglia. These in turn switch from production of serotonin to a higher production of glutamate, a very important excitatory neurotransmitter that, if present in excessive amounts, can lead to brain cell damage or death.?? Such a constant barrage of higher glutamate levels may be what damages the hippocampus. Antidepressants such as SSRIs (such as Prozac) and SNRIs (such as Cymbalta) help to block the transport of these inflammatory cytokines across the blood-brain barrier. Researchers have also looked at the size of the hippocampus in people with and without PTSD. They have found that people who have severe, chronic cases of PTSD have smaller hippocampi?? . This indicates that experiencing ongoing stress as a result of severe and chronic PTSD may ultimately damage the hippocampus, making it smaller. Does the Hippocampus Play a Role in Determining PTSD Risk? Not everyone who experiences a traumatic event develops PTSD. Therefore, researchers have also proposed that the hippocampus may play a role in determining who is at risk for developing PTSD. Specifically, it is possible that having a smaller hippocampus may be a sign that a person is vulnerable to developing a severe case of PTSD following  a traumatic event. Some people may be born with a smaller hippocampus, which could interfere with their ability to recover from a traumatic experience, putting them at risk for developing PTSD. In twin studies that focused on  identical twins, with one twin exposed to a traumatic event (combat) and the other unexposed, researchers are able to look at pre-existing vulnerabilities that may be present in both twins, as well as differences that may be due to trauma.?? Since twin participants share the same genes, studying identical twins can provide insight into the influence of genetics on developing certain conditions. For example, in this case, if the person who developed PTSD has a smaller hippocampus and has a non-trauma exposed twin who has a smaller hippocampus, it would suggest that a smaller hippocampus may be a sign of genetic vulnerability for developing PTSD following a traumatic experience. In fact, this is exactly what researchers have found. People with severe PTSD had a smaller hippocampus, and they also had a non-trauma exposed twin with a smaller hippocampus. Consequently, a smaller hippocampus may be a sign that a person is vulnerable or more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic experience. Of course, it is important to remember that twins often share the same environment growing up, so it is difficult to tease apart the role nature versus nurture plays in the size of a persons hippocampus. So, the verdict is still out on the true relationship between the hippocampus and PTSD. How This Information Can Be Used There is still much to learn about the role certain parts of the brain play in PTSD formation. Knowing how PTSD affects the brain (and vice versa), however, is very important to study. Understanding which parts of the brain may impact PTSD can lead to the development of more effective medications for treating the disorder. In addition, this information may also help us better identify who is at risk for developing PTSD following a traumatic event.

Lack Of Business Ethics And Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The Citigroup Inc. also known as Citi is a foremast financing company based in America with its headquarter in New York. According to www.money.cnn.com (2008) fortune list, the Citigroup listed 8th in the top 500 business organizations in the world. The group came into existence by one of the worlds biggest mergers between Citicorp and multinational financing company, Travelers Group in 1998.Presently the company has the biggest monetary services in the world, covering 140 countries with almost 16000 offices and 260000 employees to serve more than 200 million customers. The company is headed by Richard D. Parsons as the chairman and Vikram Pandit as the CEO which deals in Consumer banking, corporate banking, Investment banking, Global wealth management, financial analysis and Private equity. In recent times the company has faced severe criticism for unethical behavior, false marketing and bad financial management. The company is accused and also found guilty in various unfair practices such as unofficial lending of financial support, unfair interests on investments and unethical behavior towards customers. This report will analyze the business techniques taken by the company which were proven not to be correct and also propose the righteous essential components. 3. Organisation Background It began in 1812 with City Bank at New York which was chartered by the New York state and soon became the largest bank in America. In the year 1913 it became a pioneer by serving as a provider to Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Then came a major breakthrough, in the year 1918 the acquisition of International Banking Corporation not only made Citi as the first bank to possess more than $ 1billion asset but also made it the worlds biggest commercial bank, since then there was no looking back. The Citigroup further divided into four vital subcategories; Consumer Banking Global Wealth Management Global Cards Institutional Client Group Citig roup is also known for its government interactions and public relations, as reported by the Center for Responsive Politics the company is claimed to hold 16th place in contributors for political campaigning in the United States of America, statistically they have contributed $23,033,490 from 1989 to 2006. 4. Rationale In the proposed topic, the analysis of vital aspects which are considered as the main reasons due to which the company had to suffer losses. We shall also consider the factors such as diverse requirements in different countries and also complexity in implementation. Due to vastness of the group and several unethical decisions the company had to go through severe downfall. The research will also closely investigate the causes of the wrong decisions and what should have been instead. Through a detailed study done, it helps drawing conclusions and propose methods and strategies which will help getting desired outcomes and improve the working of the company. Evalu ation is necessary for analyzing the decisions which not fruitful and also helps in deciding the correct strategies for bright prospects. 5. Literature Review The prime focus of this section is to provide reviews of the researches done in the past related to the topic under consideration. A brief evaluation of the literature on unethical business done and the subsequent measures taken is been discussed by researchers and practitioners in recent years. Among many other problems faced by the company over recent years As observed by Fein.M (2008) the NASD had fined Citigroup Global Market, Inc. for $250,000 and also admonished them for improper advertising of the sales documents in connection with hedge fund in the year 2004. The NASD suspected that the group had distributed sales document mentioning the fixed percentage of return with no evaluation of the target, the firm had also displayed fictitious returns in documents and had also included inadequate risk factors. Also according to his research Citigroup and another bank were taxed $5 million per head for violating a rule with regards of corporate high yield bonds. The NASD assumed that these companies were keeping illegitimate records and did not apply necessary managerial actions when required. Choir (2009), confirms through the researches that the foremost reason for mass losses to broker dealer banks is the percentage of sublime mortgage crisis was high and posed a threat to not only weak U.S but also international financial system. On the contrary there were some investment bank that were flourishing and made massive profits by taking a stand against the dropping rate in the housing finance market. According to an article published in The New York Times by Dash (2008), the Citigroup will have to hold their extra payments for coming three years and will also comply with the restrictions due to some administrative reimbursement, this was in accordance with a rescue accord with federal regul ators. On this, the president of The United States Of America George.W.Bush said that, the people of America should be aware that there is a secure teamwork and the required will be taken as they always have in the past. The composite rescue arrangement had made the government not only to fund $20 billion to Citigroup, but also $306 billion indirectly for credits and insurance. These compensations and rescued the government and the Citigroup from a multimillion-dollar crisis. According to Beltran(2002), the top companies on the Wall Street have agreed to for a settlement of $1.43 billion and revise business for real estate and compensate their investors who were mislead with partial data. Citigroup was taxed with $400 million as a compensation for fraud with the investors, this also led to a split between the states and the federal government. After a detailed study and analysis the settlement was done by stating that banks research will be separate from the investment and also t he forbidden from allotment of IPO shares . https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118012681.html?categoryId=1444cs=1nid=4758 for literature review 5. Research Objective The primary objective of conducting this analysis is to study the reasons behind the downfall of the company, what decisions that were taken which caused the firm to collapse which subsequently harmed the worlds economy, a detailed investigation proves that the decisions were unethical and the company was guilty as charged and had been penalized monetarily which as a result the company to finally file bankruptcy. This research is a lesson to be taken on every aspect that unethical and deceptive business methods are always catastrophic in long run and are harmful. 6. Research Questions The foremost questions that arises after this analysis; is the customer lost trust in the multinational banking services and has the customer started to make more research before investing its money. More over there are f ollowing questions that go through a potential customers mind before investing its assets: What could be the possible threats to an investors assets ? Has the customer become more alert when it comes investments ? 7. Methodology This research had a requirement of investigative perspective so Exploratory method of research is used, the proposed research is about the unethical behavior and false business and marketing strategies by Citigoup, the data had to be collected from various news papers, online business experts, wallstreet journals and company websites, as explained by Huber(1985) and Sibson(1987), Exploratory method is a numerical method which works on simple statistics as one dimensional data. Also confirmed by Schaffer and Riordan(2003) as to how to analyze an organization, how to work on the problems and finally how to develop a methodology. It begins with analyzing the problem or the proposed topic, then, gathering all the possible data relating to the subj ect from various sources, then arranging the gathered data in accordance to the proposed topic after that, validating all the accumulated information, and finally eliminating the data which is irrelevant . 6. A. Population of the Study 6. B. Source of Data There were two types of data that were researched, primary data and secondary data : Primary Data: In the process of primary data collection the information is collected by interviews and obtaining feedback through questionnaires. The collection of data directly from realistic fields is called primary data. Some of the methods that are used to gather primary data are: Open-ended and Close-ended questionnaire technique. Face to face conversation with the customers. Reviewing and discussion with officials of the bank. Observation method, reviewing case studies and research papers about the bank. Secondary Data: The secondary data is the information already collected by other people for different research purposes. The views about different perspective which are provided over the internet or through business journals and magazines can also be taken into consideration. Some of the ways of gathering secondary sources of information are: Viewing the annual reports of recent years of the bank. The various article published such as wall the street journal, CNN review. Information over the internet. Newsletters of Citigroup. Articles from newspapers. 7. Data Analysis After gathering all the data possible a scrutiny is done on both the qualitative as well as the quantitative data. The qualitative is represented in terms of appropriate bar charts, graphs and diagrams. Also the proper referencing so as where the data is taken from should be done. As far as the quantitative data is concerned data display and analysis which is subcategorized as, reduction of the data firstly, second is display of the data in proper graphical or pictorial whichever is required and finally co ncluding the data and verifying the data. Data reduction is briefly summarizing the data and concentrating on the important parts. Reducing is deleting the data which is out of context. Huberman(1994). 8. Resource Requirement Internet facilities had a major share in the form of published articles from annual reports in The New York Times, The CNN and also from online Wall Street journals. A detailed reports from the press reporters and also books published about business by business gurus. The library also has a vital role for supplying literature.

Reflection On Self Reflection Is The Image Of Looking At...

Self-reflection is the image of looking at oneself. It has the implication of being conscious of what one is being. According to Rowntree (1988), reflection is studying one’s own study methods as seriously as one studies the subject and thinking about a learning task after you have done it. However, this is in a learning situation. On the other hand, Boud et al. (1998) defined sel-reflection as a generic term for those intellectual and effective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead new understanding and appreciation. It is my thought that these authors viewed reflection from the learner’s perspective. They discussed the relationship of the reflection process and the learning experience against what the learner can do. Comparatively, Reid (1993) defined self-reflection as an active process rather than passive thinking. She stated that â€Å"reflection is a process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe , analyze, evaluate and so inform learning about practice† (p. 3). In a related study, Kemmis (1985) agrees with Reid that the process of reflection is more than a process that focuses ‘on the head’. However, reflection enables one to assess, understand and learn through their experiences. It is a personal process that results in some change for one in his/her perspective of a situation or creates new learning for the person. Continuing, self-reflection is important for leaders to engage, although someShow MoreRelatedSelf Conscious Concept Of Self Consciousness1177 Words   |  5 Pages Self-Conscious of the Self-Consciousness within a Self-Conscious Julissa Almonte Santana Salem College Fall 2016 When introducing the concept of self-consciousness, it can be very difficult for individuals to understand that there are many forms of self-consciousness. 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Different Behaviors And Symptoms Have Been Recognized For...

Distinct behaviours and symptoms have been recognized for each subtype of aggression. Pulkkinen (1996) conducted the first longitudinal study to assess adolescents displaying either type of aggression. In this study he found that proactive individuals tended to display externalizing behaviours in childhood. Those who continued to be proactive had many more problems in adulthood. Specifically, they had adjustment problems throughout their adolescence including conduct issues and non-compliance, and were likely to be involved in criminality later in life. Interestingly, this group did not demonstrate high levels of self-control compared to reactive and non-aggressive participants. Alcohol abuse was more related to proactive aggression rather†¦show more content†¦Further research found high scores of psychopathy to be associated with proactive aggression for both children and adults and therefore suggest that proactive aggression could possibly be an indicator of psychopathic b ehaviours (Kolla et al., 2013). This has been noted through all stages of development. The literature has also shown that proactive aggression tends to be related to behavioural problems, hyperactive behaviour and impulsive acts (Scarpa, Haden Tanaka, 2010). In previous studies correlations have demonstrated that substance abuse and family violence is also related to proactive aggression (Connor et al., 2004; Frick Marsee, 2006), while youth who have been a victim of sexual abuse display reactive aggressive behaviours (Connor et al., 2004). There is additional research that has found callous-unemotional traits to be more common in those exhibiting comorbid typologies of both reactive and proactive aggression (Fanti, Frick, Georgiou, 2009). They indicate such traits as being predictive of more complex antisocial behaviours, though when looking at the callous subscale, proactive aggression was exclusively strongly related to this trait (Fanti, Frick, Georgiou, 2009). Literature has noted a large number of individuals who are involved in both typologies of reactive and proactive aggression and are therefore highly aggressive in nature (Frick Marsee, 2006; Poulin Boivin, 2000). It is important to note distinct behaviours within each typology and

Critical Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest...

Ernest Hemingway was a towering figure in 20th century American literature, known mostly for his larger-than-life persona and for his simple, declarative style of writing. The latter arguably won him a Nobel Prize, and also influenced possibly an entire generation of aspiring writers who came after him. Hemingway’s short and economical style is perhaps best displayed in his earlier work, most notably in his short stories, and one of his earliest, and most famous, short stories is â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story is about two people who are simply referred to as ‘the American’ and ‘the girl,’ at a train station, waiting to catch the next express to Barcelona; they have drinks as they wait and they talk about the seemingly mundane,†¦show more content†¦The reason for this, for trying to identify the age range of the girl, is to gain some understanding of where her mentality and emotions are during this exchange because so lit tle is said and known about her (and the American), and any piece of factual information, no matter how small or seemingly insignificant, is essential in unraveling the hidden attitudes and feelings of the characters; now that the age of the girl is established, one can gather that she may be entering into the pinnacle of her womanhood and assume her coming to the realization that the prospect of having an abortion is something far more complex than simply letting â€Å"the air in.† Due to any and all the factors that come into play when one is placed in such a situation, age being a notable one here, the girl may not feel ready to have or even want a child, but what is more clearly communicated in the story is that these thoughts are never fully able to surface and be discussed because of the American’s abundant persistence of her getting an abortion and encouraging her that â€Å"everything will be fine† as they once were, which only creates more pressure and conflict. However, very little of this is actually said in a clear, cut-and-dried way. Hemingway never states that the girl is confused, frustrated, or uncomfortable, but through the little that is saidShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Critical Reading of Literature in English Critical Analysis of the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). 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Slavery And The United States - 1507 Words

Over the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and the Underground Railroad marked it’s importance in United States history. Slavery had an economic impact in the United States. In 1794, an inventor named Eli Whitney created the cotton gin. The cotton gin revolutionized the South’s economy. Upon the creation of the†¦show more content†¦Instead of big cities and industrialization in the North, the South had large plantations and fields. Slavery was important to the South’s economy because they have a long growing season and a warm climate for farming. When the region has a great climate for farming, why would the South change their economy? Slavery greatly influenced the United States economy by dramatically increasing the production of crops such as cotton and provided large amounts of labor to upkeep with production of the crops. Slavery had a social impact in United States history. During the colonial era and antebellum era in the United States, slaves were not treated with respect. In the documentary â€Å"Slavery And The Making Of America†, there were ways and methods of who slaves were treated. For instance, when slaves ran away for the first time, they get whipped. For the second time, the runaway gets an â€Å"R† branded on his right cheek. The third time, the slave has their ear severed and another â€Å"R† is branded on the left cheek, and for the fourth time if the slave is a male, he gets castrated. When white men did the same crimes, they served short terms in jail or lesser punishments for crimes. African Americans were judged very harshly during this point in United States history. White Americans believe they had superiority over the African American slaves because of their skin color. Edward Bull, author of â€Å"Slaves in the Family†, spoke in the documentaryâ€Å" Slavery And

Stefan’s Diaries Bloodlust Chapter 14-15 Free Essays

Chapter 14 My hands still in the air, I pressed my lips together. Id already learned that any sign of stress caused my fangs to bulge and my pupils to grow larger; I didnt want to prepare to attack until I knew what I was dealing with. â€Å"Jake? Charley?† a female voice called as two burly men ran toward me from the main house. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 14-15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although twice my bulk, they were definitely human. Each man grabbed one of my arms, though I noted with cold calculation that it would take only one quick twist to shake both off before I lunged for my attack. But I fought with every core of my being to stay still, my hands high in the air, hoping Id just look like a common vagrant. There was no guarantee that a fight would lead to Damons rescue. A girl walked toward me from the porch and stopped a foot away. â€Å"I apologize,† I said to her. I tried to make my voice sound like I was nervously gasping for breath. â€Å"I didnt realize this was private property. Im new to town, and I was in the tavern, and, well † I trailed off, unsure of whether my lies would get me into even deeper trouble. â€Å"You thought youd steal from me?† The girl stepped forward. Her hair tumbled in flaming curls down her back, and she wore what looked suspiciously like a vervain wreath on her head. She had on a white nightdress, but she was wearing mens boots, and I could see calluses on her hands. Though she was clearly from a wealthy family, this was no coddled city girl. â€Å"No. No! I wasnt stealing, I was just looking for the vampire,† I said. She knit her eyebrows together. â€Å"To steal him ?† she asked leadingly, hands on her hips. â€Å"No!† I said again, my arm jerking involuntarily. One of the men holding me dropped my arm in surprise. â€Å"No,† I said again, forcing myself to remain still. â€Å"I saw the poster for the show down by the lake, and, well, I guess my curiosity got the best of me.† I shrugged. A rooster crowed. Sunlight slowly spilled over the backyard. I glanced down at my gleaming ring, thankful that Lexi had left. â€Å"Okay, then,† the girl said. She snapped her fingers, and the two large men dropped my arms. â€Å"If you are new to town, then where do you come from?† â€Å"Mys Mississippi,† I fibbed. â€Å"Right across the river.† She opened her mouth as if to say something, then closed it. â€Å"Well, welcome to New Orleans,† she said. â€Å"I dont know what things are like back in Mississippi, but you cant go sneaking into peoples backyards looking at their livestock. And the next time you may not meet someone as friendly as me.† I fought my urge to snort at her idea of friendliness, given my brothers wretched state. â€Å"So, whats your name, stranger?† â€Å"Stefan,† I said. â€Å"Are you Miss Gallagher?† â€Å"Smart,† she observed sarcastically. â€Å"That I am. Callie Gallagher.† One of the large men stepped toward her protectively. â€Å"Leave us,† she commanded. â€Å"Ill escort Mr. Stefan out.† â€Å"Thank you,† I said contritely as I followed her around the long gravel path, past the sun-room of the house, and toward the gate. â€Å"Thanks for trusting me,† I said. â€Å"Who says I trust you?† she asked sharply, but an amused smile flitted across her lips. â€Å"Well, then, perhaps I should thank you for not letting your brutes kill me.† She smiled again, wider this time. Her teeth were pearly white, and one of her front teeth was slightly crooked. Freckles dusted her upturned nose. She smelled sweet, like oranges. I realized it had been a long time since I had found a woman beautiful for more than the sweet smell of her blood. But cruelty lay behind her beauty, because this woman was responsible for my brothers imprisonment. â€Å"Maybe youre too handsome to be killed. And everyone deserves a little kindness, dont you think?† I gazed at her callused hands, a thought entering my mind. â€Å"Would it be too forward of me to ask for more of your kindness?† Callie narrowed her eyes. â€Å"Depends on what you ask for.† â€Å"A job,† I said, straightening my shoulders. The girl shook her head incredulously. â€Å"You want me to hire you? After you trespassed on my property?† â€Å"Think of it as an expression of my drive and my enthusiasm for freaks,† I said, the lies now floating easily from my tongue. â€Å"Being new, Ive had trouble finding work, and to be honest, Ive always wanted to be part of a circus.† She set her jaw, and I was worried shed suddenly call her henchmen on me. But then she looked up and down at my faded trousers and sighed. â€Å"I have a feeling Ill regret this, but come down to Lake Road tomorrow night. We do need a new ticket taker–our last one ran off with one of the fat ladies. Youll need to arrive early–and stay late. Its going to be busy tomorrow night because of the fight.† â€Å"Right. The fight,† I said, once again clenching my fists and biting back words of anger. â€Å"Yes.† She smiled somewhat ruefully. â€Å"Then youll have the chance to see your vampire in action.† â€Å"I suppose I will,† I said, turning on my heel and exiting the wrought-iron gate. But if I had my way, no one would see the â€Å"vampire in action† because Damon and I would be long gone before the fight ever commenced. Chapter 15 October 7, 1864 Something has changed. Maybe it is merely age, a sort of hyper-maturation into the role of an adult vampire. Maybe it is Lexi’s tutelage. Or the fact that I am faced with an actual challenge, a death-defying challenge, and I simply know I can’t expend my energy killing for sport. Whatever the cause, the result is the same. Though the scent of blood is still everywhere, I no longer feel compelled to hunt for sport. Hunting is distracting. My hunger is something to be sated quickly rather than enjoyably. Of course, the question is, how will I free Damon? Attack everyone in sight, creating a melee of destruction? Convince Callie to shed her vervain wreath so I can compel her to do my bidding? But Callie seems to have a power all her own. That much is clear to her henchmen, and to me. Of course, my Power is stronger. I have no doubt that I’ll persevere. I’ll save Damon, and then I’ll reward myself with a drink from Callie’s neck. I spent the entire day pacing my room, cutting a path through the dust that lined the wooden floor. Plans to free Damon flitted through my head one by one, but just as quickly as they came, I shot them down for being too daring, too risky, too destructive. Id already learned from the siege on the vampires in Mystic Falls that one false move can cause a domino effect of violence and despair. â€Å"You look like a caged animal,† Lexi said, appearing at my doorway. Her voice was light, but worry lines creased her forehead. I let out a low growl and raked my hands through my hair. â€Å"Ifeellike a caged animal.† â€Å"Have you thought of a plan yet?† â€Å"No!† I exhaled loudly. â€Å"And I dont even know why Im trying. He hates me.† I looked down, suddenly ashamed. â€Å"He blames me for turning him into what we are now.† Lexi sighed and closed the distance between us. She took my hand. â€Å"Follow me.† She led me out of the room and walked slowly down the stairs, running her pale fingers along the portraits that lined the walls. All the paintings were covered with a layer of grime. I wondered how long theyd been hanging on the walls, and whether any of the subjects still roamed the Earth–alive or undead. At the very bottom stair, Lexi stopped and pulled a portrait off the wall. It was newer than the others, with a gold frame and the glass polished to a gleam. A young, serious-looking blond boy stared out at me. His blue eyes contained a hint of sadness, and his cleft chin jutted in defiance. He looked incredibly familiar. My eyes widened. â€Å"Is that your–â€Å" â€Å"–brother,† Lexi said. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Is he † I trailed off, not wanting to finish the sentence. â€Å"No, hes not with us anymore,† she said, tracing the cleft of the boys chin with her index finger. â€Å"How did he die?† I asked. â€Å"Does it matter?† she said, her voice sharp. â€Å"No, I suppose it doesnt.† I touched the edge of the photo. â€Å"Why do you keep it?† She sighed. â€Å"Its a connection to the past–to who I used to be before I was†Ã¢â‚¬â€œshe gestured down the length of her body–â€Å"before I becamethis. Its important not to lose that final thread of attachment to humanity.† Her gaze grew serious. I knew what she meant: Remaining connected to her humanity was how she maintained control and why she made the choice to feed only from animals. â€Å"So, are you ready to save him?† As usual, Lexi didnt wait for an answer, and I had to hustle out the door behind her. Together, we walked in silence toward Gallaghers place under the cover of the inky night. Fifteen minutes later we turned the corner onto Laurel Street and the house came into view. A tall man with salt-and-pepper hair was climbing the stairs of the white structure, tapping each step with a gold-tipped cane. Behind him were two black-suited men. The three were engaged in intense conversation. Lexi put her hand on mine. â€Å"Gallagher.† The men paused on the porch. â€Å"Im telling you, the vampire I have is the real thing. I could have him killed and sell you his blood. Youd make a fortune marketing it as the fountain of youth or an elixir of life,† Gallagher said roughly. My stomach plummeted. Damons body was being divided before he was even dead. â€Å"Blood,† a stocky man mused, rubbing his bald head as if it were a crystal ball. â€Å"Im just not sure people would try that. But how much would you sell the fangs for?† The men entered the home, shutting the wooden door with a definitive thud. I sniffed the air. The cloying scent of vervain burned my nose, but I didnt sense Damon anywhere. Lexi pushed the gates open and stepped onto the lawn. â€Å"What are you doing?† I hissed. â€Å"I dont think Damons here anymore.† â€Å"Yes, but you need to know exactly who and what youre up against. The more you know, the better you can gauge what the best course of action will be,† she said. I nodded, and together we stole in the shadows toward the main house. We ducked under a window ledge and knelt in order to escape notice; we could just make out the scene unfolding in the parlor at the back of the house. Gallaghers voice drifted through the open window as he took a seat in a maroon leather club chair, his feet up and a glass of port already in his hands. He wore a large gold ring on his finger. In the far corner, Callie Gallagher sat in a pair of weathered overalls and a white linen shirt. Her red hair fell down her back in a vervain-laced braid, and her head was bent as she pored over a ledger book. A garland of vervain was strung along the marble mantle, and I noticed a few vampire muzzles–the same sort that my father had used to subdue Katherine–tossed carelessly on an end table. â€Å"I have something else that might interest you,† Gallagher said, locking eyes with the elderly man while the other sat, silently. â€Å"I didnt want to bring it up out on the street.† â€Å"Yes?† The man leaned forward. His voice sounded disinterested, but he rubbed his stubby fingers together eagerly. â€Å"The monster wears a ring. Its an unusual one. Silver with a blue stone, but it seems to give him additional power. None of my men have been able to get it off his finger, but when hes dead â€Å" â€Å"Father!† Callie interjected. The two men stared at her. â€Å"Yes, girl?† Gallagher asked, his voice dangerously low. â€Å"Ive been looking over the books, and well make a fortune if hes kept alive. Its the best for the show.† Though her expression was all business, her tone didnt actually sound mercenary. â€Å"My boss.† Gallagher laughed ruefully, but from the way the vein in his temple throbbed, I could tell he didnt appreciate Callies interjection. â€Å"Girl, can you get us some brandy?† Callie stood up and stalked out of the room. I was surprised to feel a sliver of sympathy–and kinship–with her. I knew what it was like to have a headstrong father. Id wanted nothing more than to please him, but Giuseppe Salvatore always thought he knew best. I dared to disagree only once, and he killed me for it. â€Å"As I was saying, the ring † Gallagher said. I snapped back to attention. â€Å"You kill that monster and Ill buy it all. The fangs, the blood, the ring. Everything. And Ill give you a very good price,† the elderly man said in a trembling voice, barely concealing his excitement. Before I could pounce, shattering the glass that separated me from the man who was trying to sell my brother in bits and pieces, an iron-firm grip clasped my arms behind me and dragged me back out to the street. â€Å"Get a hold of yourself, Stefan!† Lexi hissed as she pulled me along the sidewalk. When she reached the corner of Laurel Street, she let me go. â€Å"That man is a sadist!† I fumed. â€Å"Hes a businessman. He wants to kill your brother, and if they find out about you, theyll certainly want to kill you too,† Lexi said, pushing her blond braid over her shoulder. My mind spun. â€Å"What about the girl?† I asked. Lexi snorted derisively. â€Å"What about her?† â€Å"She thinks Damon should be kept alive. Maybe she can convince her father of that,† I said desperately. â€Å"Dont even think about it. Shes a human, and she will follow her fathers orders until the end of her days,† Lexi said, dropping her voice to lower than a whisper as another couple walked toward us. As they passed, the man tipped his top hat, and Lexi curtseyed back. To anyone else, we were a young couple, out to romance each other in the moonlight. â€Å"Damons life is at stake,† I said in frustration. Lexi had offered to help, but everything shed done so far had seemed designed only to dissuade me. â€Å"We have to do something!† â€Å"I know you will find a way to save him,† she said firmly. We turned another corner and the spire of the church across from Lexis house came into view. â€Å"But Stefan, you must remember that controlling yourself around humans is much more than simply not attacking them.† When we reached the back porch, she stopped and put her hands on my shoulders, forcing me to look into her clear amber eyes. â€Å"Do you know the real reason why we dont drink human blood?† â€Å"Why?† I asked. â€Å"Because if we dont drink human blood, we dont need humans,† she said in a tight voice. She pushed open the door. Buxton, Hugo, and Percy were sitting around the coffee table, playing poker. They looked up when we entered, and Buxton narrowed his eyes at me. â€Å"Boys, were going dancing tonight. We need some lightness,† Lexi announced, pouring herself a glass of blood from the decanter on the side table. She glanced around the room. The three nodded. â€Å"Will you come, Stefan?† I shook my head. I was not in the mood for lightness. â€Å"No,† I said, then headed upstairs to plan Damons rescue alone. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 14-15, Essay examples

Learning and Development of People Project Proposal for Finances

Question: Discuss about theLearning and Development of People Project Proposal for Finances. Answer: Proposal Objective Background Information A meeting was convened between the junior managers and middle managers of our company mid this year. During the meeting, finance manager explained the challenges that the company was currently facing which included a focus on staffing, use of finances, public relations, corporate planning and employee conflicts. The manager explained how the approach to learning and development would be the most appropriate in addressing these issues. After engaging in the discussions, the managers agreed that the approach to learning and development program would be highly beneficial to the company.it was agreed that the finance manager would provide a detailed proposal that describes specifically the learning and development interventions and how it works. This proposal itemizes the finance managers proposed a program which includes; objectives, work profile, problem statement, skills needed, and its details. Key Objectives The following objectives outline the directions for learning and development: To create a culture of learning by developing a range of supporting approaches to learning and development. To improve access to cost-effective and quality learning opportunities. To develop a skilled workforce that is competitive in the market. Needs Analysis conducted Over 90 staff responded to a survey that was conducted in July 2016 during their annual seminar. Several areas of interest were identified which needed to be looked into. They include; time management, project management, conflict resolution, communication and the use of computer software. Workgroup Profile Group Composition, Roles and Demographics The learning and development program will involve those staff in the marketing and accounting departments. Among these staff, there are some who have been employed permanently while others are contractors. The groups will be heterogenic comprising a mix of the genders, age, personalities and nationality to provide chemistry for proper interactions and achievements. The groups will have a balance of male and female staff, young and old, blacks and whites which will increase the effectiveness of the groups. The staff in the marketing department are important to the organization since their roles are to monitor competition, transmit brand values, innovation, improve sales process and customers and come up with marketing plans. On the other hand, those in accounting are required to maintain proper books of accounts of the company. Human Capital and Experience Level The company has human capital that uses to further its goals and objectives. Staff knowing computer, finance, accounting, management and many others are part of the company's human capital. All these employees have different levels of experience which include entry, skilled and supervisory. Key Capabilities The companys major competencies include leadership and management. According to (Overton, 2017) leadership is a critical factor in the success of any business. From the research conducted by the company, it was identified that effective communication, management of change, effective engagement of employees and consultation are some of the areas combined to develop leadership capabilities. They are more innovative and willing to embrace change. The core management capabilities include the establishment of clear roles and goals and encouraging employee involvement in performance management. According to (Van Dooren and Holligan, 2015) attainment of organization goals requires managers to view performance management as their core responsibility. This allows the staff to work under minimal supervision since they have a clear direction. Problem Statement/ Competency Gap In as much as there are increased effects of learning and development among employees in organizations, the literature on the human resource development issues are still limited (Jackson and Jiang, 2014 p.33),(Burke and Noumair, 2015)and the increased concern from the company's customers towards the low quality of services. It is worth noting that the existing studies in relation to people learning and development in organizations. Cummings and Worley (2015) have taken a general view of human resource management (HRM) which has created a gap on performance issues such as effects of unclear strategies, poor customer service, lack of professionalism, and many others. These issues have led to customer dissatisfaction leading to decreased overall performance. To close this gap between the need for development and its accessibility, various inexpensive methods have been identified which will, in turn, allow managers to have a better understanding of some aspects in learning and developmen t. Needed Competencies/ Skills Description and Analysis of Knowledge, Skills, and Competencies Communication skills. Managers need to listen to the concerns of the staff with full attention. This will allow them to manage conflict that arises in the organization in a way all parties get satisfied (Shockley, 2014). For employees to develop their full potential managers, need to provide positive, constructive feedback which motivates them to perform better. Leadership Managers need to exhibit some leadership skills to execute training for workers effectively. The long-term vision for the department has to be developed and made clear to staff to ensure objectives are met (Anderson, 2016). Current LD Policy Analysis Currently, the company uses training as learning and development strategy. The process of training takes place on an individual level or as a team. Staff survey has been widely used in identifying areas that require development though throughout the little training attention was given to ensure consistency existed between learning and the overall organizational strategies. Overview Of Proposed Learning And Development Strategy Understanding the learning and development methods is very important to any organization. For this company, widely accepted and cheaper styles will be adopted which will look at personality traits of staff and aptitude when learning. The strategy adopted aims at aligning training goals with corporate goals and reduce the time to competency. These strategies include: on the job training, workshops, internal and external courses, compliance training, coaching and mentoring. Description of Benefits There are tremendous reasons on why the organization needs to adopt these strategies. Some of these reasons include; Improvement of the performance of the business and its productivity. This will help the organization gain a competitive advantage over its competitors in the market. Secondly, employees' skills and knowledge for the current roles will be improved. This will allow them to fulfill their organization's long-term and short-term objectives. Thirdly, it helps in organizational development whereby change can be easily managed, and shared values can be fostered among the staff. Proposal Details Individual Interventions These proposed learning and development strategies are extremely aligned with the objectives of the organization, and their adoption will mark the beginning of increased performance in the company. Many fast-growing organizations have adopted the 70:20:10 model of learning and development. Michael M Lombardo and Robert W Eichinger found that learning and development are most effective when it includes a combination of different learning approach.70 percent represented structured on the job learning, 20 percent represented relationship base learning, and 10 percent represented formal learning. On the job training methods are cost-effective and less disruptive because employees are always at work, training is given on the same machines, and the trainee will be earning while learning. Some of these methods include; coaching which is a one on one training and is efficient in the identification of weak areas quickly. Mentoring focuses on developing employees' attitude towards the job. This should be done by a senior manager (Wilson, 2014). According to (Manuti and Morciano, 2015 p.9), Formal learning is conducted mostly outside the job environment and requires study materials and full concentration from the staff. They include, simulation is the use of an artificial environment which is similar to the exact situation. The techniques to be used in training include; case study, role playing and in-basket training (Phillip, 2016). Benefits and Outcomes Learning and development not only provides benefits to individuals but the organization as well allowing the business to run effectively. Investing in development is worthwhile because of the following outcomes; Through development, the organization will be able to identify weaknesses, skill gaps within the existing workforce and train them to fulfill their roles effectively (Ford, 2014) Through continued learning, staffs have a higher sense of job satisfaction which improves their motivation towards work. Regular learning allows staff to be in touch with the latest technology and can use them comfortably and to its potential. Design Considerations The results of a survey done by the organization showed that employees were more comfortable with on the job training learning styles rather than the off the job because of the practical knowledge give. The formal method of learning will involve groups which will be composed of mixed demographics. The groups will have common goals which have to achieve at the end of the learning period. The employees will be provided with some reinforcements to ensure transfer of training. Some mechanisms to reinforce the training includes giving handouts, popping a post-training interview and provision of continual tips. Implementation Factors The success of any learning and development program depends on the implementation of certain factors affecting it. Since the business has some of the training resources, partial outsourcing will be the sort to complement what is available.in addition financial, human, material resources have to be mobilized for effective learning to take place. Learning should be arranged when it is required the most. Due to this reason, learning will take place at the time when the business is busy, and the dates will be blocked in advance. Validation of Learning Formal and informal ways of measuring learning will be adopted. They include; Balanced scorecards will be used where results are matched to strategy and vision of the company. Use of adoption reporting. This report will show whether the solutions reached the intended learners. Accountability cards and partners will be used in trying to change some behaviors that require observation and coaching. Learning And Development Proposal Evaluation Short-term retention of knowledge is the best way to evaluate the success of learning program. This can be done through, Knowledge Transfer Opportunities allow employees to work together, find and share information which is a great way to share knowledge (Agote and Guo, 2016 p.72).Knowledge transfer can also be achieved by the use of technology which captures key information to be used in the future Workplace Reinforcements Supervisors need to use positive reinforcement to increase productivity and morale of employees. They need to encourage good conduct by rewarding good behavior (Sessa and London, 2015). Conclusion/ Action Plan Learning and development haven't been given keen interest in the previous years, something that has caused a lot of losses to the business. Based on the interventions discussed above the following needs to be implemented for improved performance: Employees must be mentored and coached so that they can improve their knowledge and skills. The old practice of training department making all decisions doesnt seem to be effective hence learning requires inputs from the staff themselves (Roseman and Brocke, 2015 p.116)The human resource department needs to develop proper learning and development systems that are aligned with the organization goals. Bibliography Anderson, D.L., 2016. Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Argote, L. and Guo, J.M., 2016. Routines and transactive memory systems: Creating, coordinating, retaining, and transferring knowledge to organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, pp.65-84. Burke, W.W., and Noumair, D.A., 2015. Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Cummings, T.G., and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage Learning Ford, J.K., 2014. Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), pp.1-56. Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, A.F., Giancaspro, M.L. and Morciano, D., 2015. Formal and informal learning in the workplace: a research review. International Journal of Training and Development, 19(1), pp.1-17. Overton, D.O.C.D., 2017. The Relationship between Knowledge Transfer, Team Learning, and Project Success in the Information Technology Field (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Phillips, J.J. and Phillips, P.P., 2016. Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge. Rosemann, M. and vom Brooke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. In Handbook of business process management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sessa, V.I. and London, M., 2015. Continuous learning in organizations: Individual, group, and organizational perspectives. Psychology Press. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014. Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Wilson, J.P., 2014. International human resource development: Learning, education, and training for individuals and organizations. Development and Learning in Organizations, 28(2). Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., and Halligan, J., 2015. Performance management in the public sector. Routledge

Faith and Hope free essay sample

Why is it a problem? Why are we relevant to the issue? What can we do to cure this serious disease of teen issuesAfter reading Shattering Glass and Slam, I thought that the least I could was do was to learn about the importance of these matters. Our group split into parts, and I was interested in teenage pregnancy and the consequences the mother must make, the life she may live and how different the baby may make her life. I could only find information on the internet, and I wanted to hear a story from a real person who experienced teen pregnancy, but that wasn’t possible. Consequently, my research started out by learning about teen pregnancy and the consequences the mother and the baby must survive. In my research, I learned that United States of America has a very high pregnancy rate. Three quarters of a million American teenagers get pregnant between the ages of 15 and 19. Out of all teen pregnancies, one third chooses abortion. 82 percent of teen pregnancies are untended. After I saw the numbers, I really thought that teen pregnancy was a serious matter. I found it surprising to see that many teens my age pregnant, facing problems I’ve never met. I don’t know anyone who has experienced teen pregnancy, and until this research, this topic has been unfamiliar with me. Through this research, I have understood that having a baby at young ages are risky for both the mother and the baby. The mother of the baby, many still at my age, must have to sacrifice her school life or give up her dream. This was not just an article in the newspaper. This was real American teen life. One thing that really caught my mind was that the percentage of abortion was very high. It was not just the number in teen pregnancies, but in pregnancies all together. I was very shocked to know that so many mothers choose abortion, when the new life has many possibilities in life. If you were the baby being killed, would you care about how old your parents are? Would you be hurt by the fact that you were born when your mom had you? I wouldnt. I would worry more about my parents killing me. If you were the mother, how could you ever get over killing an innocent soul? The new life is smaller than you in size, but the value, the importance of the two lives are exactly the same. If your mother killed you, how would feel? Would you still kill your precious life God gave you and the babys father? In the world, there are many couples who do not receive the gift of a new baby. Many couples are drowning in sorrow tears, while you are thinking about murdering your flawless baby? Many teens have excuses for having an abortion. Although I understand that the baby may ruin your life by making it necessary to drop out of school, I do not find the many excuses heavy enough to make the abortion okay. Unlike Japan, high school in America is required education. Droppi ng out of high school, due to teen pregnancy, can hurt your future. You may have trouble getting into college or finding a job. With your education cut short, you may have trouble living a comfortable life. High school is the most exciting point in your school life. I look up to high school students. Having to drop out of your dream life may be very difficult for you, emotionally. Reading the lines of Slam, I was very proud of Alicia. Her decision was a very brave, strong and a hard one to make. Her pregnancy came suddenly, very unexpected. She chose not to run away from her situation, but to stand against it. She accepted the fact that it was her own fault?(and Sam’s) that the pregnancy came, and she decided to turn it in to a happy incident. I respect her for that, and as I turned the pages I found her braveness a comfort. Although I knew that this book was fiction, it still gave me a firm hug. I had heard about many teens that have abortion, because they are not ready for their baby. I was afraid, I was afraid because teens where killing babies as if they were offered with a worthless toy and they could do whatever they wanted to do with it, when the precious baby was really the result of an irresponsible action, in her case. There are teens in America like Alicia, and I appreciate their existence. I have never had this experience or gone through the fear of pregnant teenagers, and I may sound as if I do not know anything. That may be true, and if I was put in their situation, I honestly do not know what I would do. I have made it clear in above that I do not want an abortion, but I do not have enough confidence to just tell my partner and my parents that I am ready to be a mother. I am not, and I do not plan on becoming a mother any time soon. However, I do not that I am not as strong as Alicia was. I am still 15 years old. I have only been breathing for 5,500 days. I am growing in to a woman, but inside I still feel young. I would be a baby having a baby. My instincts tell me that it is not time yet. I have a whole life in front of me. If I was notified that I was pregnant today, I would feel as if my bright future was gone. I would probably have no choice but to drop out of high school, making it almost impossible for me to graduate college and to get a good job. I would also worry about what people would think of me. I doubt someone would bully me to death, but I know that some people will not have a good image of me. People may say sad things to me. Maybe they’ll even tear my heart to pieces. Verbal bullying seems as if it is not a big deal, but it can lead to emotional stress, and if it continues, it may end in death. Imagine if you got pregnant, and you were treated differently. Simon Glass was a person everyone hated, worked his way to the top, and was killed. Shattering Glass was a shocking book, and in some ways, I thought that it was like Slam. Simon tried hard, with help, to become part of the popular squad. I know that it wasn’t easy. It was similar with Alicia and Sam. It wasn’t easy to tell their parents and to get their understanding. They both went over hard times, and they saw bright lights. You have to have faith in yourself. It takes a lot to trust the future. Many teens in America are now facing this issue. Yes, teen pregnancy is an issue. The â€Å"normal† time of having a baby is after you are married. However, just because you have your baby earlier than that, does it make your pregnancy wrong? I do not think that it is wrong. Once you get pregnant, you are responsible of the baby’s life. No matter how old you are, you are the baby’s mother. It doesn’t matter if you are married or not. Planned or unplanned, the baby is. It is you and the father’s job to protect the new life. You may not be ready emotionally, and you may have difficulties, but the baby is yours. Take a deep breath, and look at the world in front of you. The United States of America tells us that one out of 10 births involve a teen mother. How many teenagers are out in the world, with a baby? In conclusion, I think that being a parent as a teen is not wrong. But as we said before, there are problems that come with it, which makes is an issue, something we need to care about. Having a 16 year old mother and father may make the life of the baby hard. If will make the mother and the father face difficulties, such as financial problems, and overall, the guilt of not being able to live what everyone calls a normal life, may be too much. Someone has to be there to remove you burden and lighten your shoulders. I think that education comes first. America has many teens that are facing this right now. We are on the other side of the globe, but that does not make this issue irrelevant from us. I am sure Japan is going through similar issues. Teen pregnancy is not a part of God’s plan. But it happens today, and there are risks for the mother and the baby. We need to face it. This is our world, and we cannot change that. Tomorrow is not far away. All I can do is hope that tom orrow, our world will be a better place.